MPdb: Melghat Plant Data Bank
MT074 : Gmelina arborea Roxb. |
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| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. : | 403 |
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| Plant Location in Melghat : | In Matakaul, Belkund, Bhati Ponga Nala, Chunkhadi, Jarida | |||||||||||||
| Plant Category : | Tree | |||||||||||||
| Plant's Current Status : | Common | |||||||||||||
| Plant Family : | Verbenaceae | |||||||||||||
| Plant Common Name : | Shivan; K-Kassamar, Gamhar • Hindi: Gamhar • Manipuri: Wang • Marathi: Sivan • Tamil: Kumalaamaram • Malayalam: Kumbil • Telugu: Peddagumudutekku • Kannada: Shivani • Konkani: Sirni • Sanskrit: Madhumati | |||||||||||||
| Synonym : | Gmelina arborea f. dentata Moldenke. Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines. Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke. Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb. Gmelina rheedei Hook., nom. illeg. Gmelina sinuata Link. Premna arborea Roth. |
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| Description : | Deciduous trees, to 18 m high, bark 8-10 mm thick, white or whitish-grey, smooth, lenticellate, scurfy, exfoliating in thin flakes; blaze yellow, with triangular rays; branchlets stout, tomentose. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 5-12.5 cm long, slender, tomentose; lamina 7.5-25 x 6-20 cm, broadly ovate or ovate, base cordate truncate or rounded, apex acute or acuminate, margin entire, glabrous above and tomentose beneath, glaucous beneath, coriaceous; nerves 3-5 from base, lateral nerves 3-6, pinnate, prominent, prominent, puberulent beneath; intercostae scalariform, prominent; 2 glands above on either side of the midrib. Flowers bisexual, yellow with orange-pink shade, in terminal panicles 3-3.7 cm long; calyx 6 mm long, campanulate, 5 toothed, tomentose; corolla 3 cm across, bilabiate, tube ventricose, lobes 5, subequal, obovate, obtuse, densely hairy; stamens 4, didynamous; anthers 2 mm, divaricate; ovary 4 mm, superior, syncarpous, glabrous, ovules 4; style 2 cm, slender, glabrous, unequally bifid. Fruit a drupe 2.5-3.5 x 1-1.5 cm, ovoid, pulpy, pyrene bonny, ovoid with a deep depression, yellow; seeds 2-4, elliptic. | |||||||||||||
| Curated Medicinal Use / Activity : | The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, ‘tridosha’ and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in ‘vata’, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake – bite and scorpion- sting. In snake – bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally. | |||||||||||||
| Plant's Phytochemicals : | 6-bromo-isoarboreol 4-hydroxysesamin 4,8-dihydroxysesamin gummadiol arboreol gmelanone Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside 7beta-O-ethyl arboreol paulownin gmelinol epieudesmin beta-sitosterol |
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| Reference : | ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID : ~ Nduche, M.U. and Okwulehie, I.C.; "ETHNOMEDICINAL SURVEY OF PLANTS USED IN TREATING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA"; Review of Plant Studies (2014); 1(2): 1-9 PMID : |
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